液压基本面部分IX：离合器稳压器阀 - 控制换档施用和感觉

读Part I,第二部分,第二部分I,第四部分,第五部分,第五部分I,第七部分和第七部分Iof the Hydraulics Fundamentals series.

Later model transmissions control shift apply and feel by using clutch regulator valves, their actuators, and often an accompanying valve controlling bias (balance) pressure. The components all take their directions from the transmission control module (TCM), which uses inputs (throttle position, speed sensors, etc.) to assess driver demands and conditions to determine how quickly to set the shift patterns. Using the GM 6L80 as an example, we can see how these shifts actually occur. With an understanding of how the components function, diagnostics of a related shift complaint (harsh or slide shifts, slips and flares, delayed engagements, solenoid codes, burnt clutches) can help pinpoint places in the valve body to look for excess wear, sticking valves or failed electronics.

Examining how a 2-3 shift is made in a 6L80 shows the basics of clutch regulator valve operations, as well as some various designs that are utilized.Figure 1显示在第二档中的车辆。

图1 - 6L80第二齿轮

The variable feed solenoid (VFS) is commanded by the TCM to direct fluid pressure (PCS26CL) to the 2-6 clutch regulator valve. The solenoid will ramp up current flow to increase this pressure based on driver demand. The fluid pressure flows against and through the 2-6 gain valve to stroke the 2-6 clutch regulator valve against spring force, thus opening the passage for clutch feed pressure (from manual valve) to be directed through the valve to apply the 2-6 clutch. A portion of this fluid pressure is also directed to the inboard (balance) side of the clutch regulator valve to provide some help to the spring to ensure that the apply pressure is regulated to a specific PSI established by GM. If there is wear in the bore, this pressure can be lower or higher than required for proper clutch apply, resulting in the various shift complaints associated with 2nd Gear. Because this valve is also applied in 6th Gear, similar shift complaints would also occur in 6th Gear — helping you narrow down places to look during your diagnostics.

Figure 1also shows a clutch regulator valve design variance: the addition of a gain valve. In 6th Gear, the addition of 456CL pressure is added to the 2-6 gain valve, which reduces the amount of fluid pressure acting to push the 2-6 clutch feed pressure valve to the applied position. This provides better control of the 5-6 shift. Another feature often included in clutch regulator valve circuits is the pressure switch circuits. Fluid pressure is sent through the clutch regulator valve when in the released position to apply a pressure switch so that the TCM has confirmation of the valve, and presumably clutch, position.

Figure 2在第三齿轮——所以2 - 6显示了汽车离合器is released and the 35R clutch is applied.

图2 - 6L80 3档

同样地，相关的VFS螺线管PCS4和PCS 2分别断电和通电。35R离合器调节器阀门设计具有略有不同的设计变化，常见。随着PCS35R CL压力冲击阀门的内侧，这会打开35R进给压力的通道，以流过阀并涂抹35R离合器。这种油压的一部分还涉及35R离合器升压阀，其也被＃2压力控制螺线管致动。该升压阀将有限的35R离合器反馈压力引导到离合器调节器阀的平衡侧，这有助于控制35R离合器涂抹的斜坡。因此，在这些离合器升压阀上佩戴可以直接冲击与该特定离合器电路相关的换档感。

Figure 2显示与离合器调节器阀相关的更晚模型变速器的另一个公共电路：使用排气回填。作为施加部件被释放，而不是简单地将所有施加压力倾倒排气，因此流体的一部分通过排气压回填电路将保留在电路中。这基本上预先填充了电路，允许在命令时更快地应用组件。因为施加电路中的流体可以产生离合器的无意或部分施加，所以来自补偿器进给电路的逆压力被引导到离合器的相对侧，其施加活塞以防止离合器的不需要或离心施加。
Knowing how these circuits work, and the slightly different variations that the manufacturers utilize, should help pinpoint any valve body related issues that could be responsible for various shift complaints and/or clutch failures.

Maura Stafford is a Sonnax product line manager for transmission components and remanufactured valve bodies. She is a member of the SonnaxTASC Force(Technical Automotive Specialties Committee), a group of recognized industry technical specialists, transmission rebuilders and Sonnax Transmission Company technicians.